米格尔·埃尔南德斯

米格尔·埃尔南德斯（Miguel Hernandez，1910—1942），出生于阿利干特的农民家庭，童年时放过羊、卖过羊奶，只受过初等教育，依靠刻苦自学，阅读大量西班牙古典诗人的作品，成为诗人和剧作家。在故乡刊物上发表作品。1934年到马德里，出版第一个剧本。内战开始，参加共和派军队，在前线作战，并写了大量诗歌和剧本，进行宣传鼓动工作。内战结束后被捕，被判无期徒刑，在狱中备受折磨，因而肺病加剧，去世。 他的诗师承古典传统而质朴无华，充满激情而面向现实。他的去世和加西亚·洛尔迦的被杀，使当代西班牙失去了两个最有才能的诗人，西班牙抒情诗在传统和民间两个方面的发展也突然中断。他作为一个诗人，一个战士，给后来的诗人留下了深刻的影响。 1933年发表第一部诗集《了解月球的人》。十四行诗集《永不熄灭的光束》（1936）以生活、爱情和死亡为主题，具有悲剧和抒情的格调。《相思谣曲集》（1939～1942）是诗人在狱中思恋亲人之作，赞美爱情和生命，鞭笞统治者的罪恶与暴行。其他诗集有《人民的风》（1937）、《枕戈待旦的人们》（1938）等。还著有剧本《坚如磐石的儿女》（1935）和《战争之剧》（1937）。他的《诗歌戏剧选集》，1952年在布宜诺斯艾利斯出版，《作品全集》1960年出版。（王央乐）

Miguel Hernández Gilabert was a 20th-century Spanish-language poet and playwright associated with the Generation of '27 and the Generation of '36 movements. Born and raised in a family of low resources, he was self-taught in what refers to literature, and struggled against an unfavourable environment to build up his intellectual education, such as a father who physically abused him for spending time with books instead of working, and who took him out of school as soon as he finished his primary education. At school, he became a friend of Ramón Sijé, a well-educated boy who lent and recommended books to Hernández, and whose death would inspire his most famous poem, Elegy.